The formation of the gargantuan himalayas started 220 million years ago. The himalaya, forming the loftiest and youngest mountain chain in the world with an eastwest extent of about 2500 km, is the product of the intercontinental collision of the indian and eurasian. This simulation shows the indian plate moving north as oceanic crust on its leading edge subducts beneath eurasia. This travels northward at 15 cm per year, and joined the eurasian continent about 4050 million years ago. The himalayas have been protecting india from outside invaders since early times thus serving as defence barrier. Let us now go through the interesting facts behind the formation of the himalayas and its future. May 03, 2010 the formation of the himalaya range is a result of a continental collision between the indoaustralian plate and the eurasian plate. In each illustration, where is the boundary between india and eurasia. The collision that produced the himalayas was only the latest, albeit climactic, episode in this long series of collisions. The geology of the himalayas is particularly important because it helps us to understand the formation of large mountain belts and how these regions vary over time. The himalaya by the numbers the himalayan database. Take your hr comms to the next level with prezi video. There are 3000 km of the himalayas with mount everest being the highest peak 8848m. Further north, behind the front line, the eurasian plate is raised over 2.
Oct 14, 2008 to our knowledge, this dataset is the first longterm analysis of ultrafine particle events at high altitude. The formation of the himalayas the himalayas are known to be youngfold mountains. Mcaddpahar mountains of central asia digital data set by peoples association for himalaya area research. When one of the plates is an oceanic plate, it gets embedded in the softer asthenosphere of the continental plate, and as a result, trenches are formed at the zone of subduction. The peninsular plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks with gently rising hills and wide valleys. An interesting information about himalayas is that thanks to the movement of the plate tectonics this mountain chain rising its height by about 5mm per years. This is very useful for the upcoming competitive exams like ssc cgl, bank, railways, rrb ntpc, lic aao, and many other exams. It ranges over 2500km and is between 200250km thick le forte 1975. The himalayan database, published by the american alpine club in 2004, is a compilation of records for all expeditions that have climbed in the nepal himalaya. The formation of the himalayas resulted in the lighter rock of the seabeds of that time being lifted up into mountains. The history of formation of himalayas and tibetan plateau began about 55 million years ago. The himalayan mountain range stretches from the brahmaputra to the indus river.
However the forces of weathering and erosion are lowering the himalayas at about the same rate. Formation of the himalayas interactive simulations edumedia. The initiation of the new particle events coincides with the shift from free tropospheric downslope winds to thermal. The himalayas are still rising by more than 1 cm per year as india continues to move northwards into asia, which explains the occurrence of shallow focus earthquakes in the region today. How did the formation of himalayas take place and what is. The pressure that was created due to the compression on the plates that pushed the land from both the sides. The mountain formation primarily occurred in three phases that began about 50 million to 70 million years ago and most recently occurred about 600,000 years ago. Formation of himalayas the himalayas are being pushed higher by an ongoing continental collision. The himalayas were formed around 70 million years ago, when the indoaustralian plate collided with the eurasian plate at a convergentdestructive plate boundary. Updates for the 2004 and subsequent climbing seasons are available free for download at. Lost horizon by james hilton the mustread novel for any visitor to the himalayas that yarns about the fabled kingdom.
There are various scientific reasons behind the creation of this massive topography. Director general international centre for integrated mountain development. Continentcontinent convergence, formation of the himalayas. Mountain formation and the formation of tibetan plateau.
Smnd isochron plot for fractions of two cmsized single garnet crystals from the naura formation. The following few points will bring out the significance of the himalayan mountain to india. The himalaya, located on the southern fringe of the tibetan plateau, form a mountain arc convex toward the south about 2400 km long and 250300 km wide. On these plates lie the continents and the oceans of the earth. Smnd isochron plot for fractions of two cmsized single garnet crystals from the naura formation, jutogh group. The himalayas, which stretch over 2400 km between the namche barwa syntaxis in tibet and the nanga parbat syntaxis in pakistan, are the result of an ongoing orogeny the result of a collision of the continental crust of two tectonic plates. Formation of glacial lakes in the hindu kush himalayas and glof risk assessment ii. The accepted theory about the formation of the himalayas started to take shape in the year 1912 when german meteorologist alfred wegener developed his theory of continental drift. Young, because these have been formed relatively recently in the earths history, compared to older mountain ranges like the aravallis in india, and the appalachian in the usa. Further north, behind the front line, the eurasian plate is raised. Geologic formation of the himalaya rasoul sorkhabi. This has caused fold mountains to form as there are no subductions of the plates that can be seen from the absence of volcanoes in the himalayas. The data are based on the expedition archives of elizabeth hawley, a longtime journalist living in kathmandu, and it is. Match the mountains with the description of its formation.
The most characteristic features of the himalayas are their soaring heights, steepsided jagged peaks, valley and alpine glaciers often of stupendous size, topography deeply cut by erosion, seemingly unfathomable river gorges, complex geologic structure, and series of elevational belts or zones that display different ecological. How did the formation of himalayas take place and what is its. Collision of oceanic plates or oceanocean convergence. The formation of himalayas to please because of the tectonic plates motion beneath the surface of earth. Several distinct sequences of rock are recognized in the himalayas, separated from one another and rocks of the indian plate by northwarddipping fault zones. The himalayas, which stretch over 2400 km are the result of an ongoing orogeny. Learn more about some interesting facts behind the formation of the himalayas and its future. High frequency new particle formation in the himalayas pnas. Transport of pollutants from the densely populated regions of india, pakistan, china, and nepal to the himalayas may lead to substantial radiative forcing in south asia with potential effects on the monsoon circulation and, hence, on regional climate and hydrological cycles, as well as to dramatic impacts. Subducted material erupts from volcanoes on the eurasian plate. The himalayas are said to be not existing from the starting but are considered. Convergent boundary in convergence there are subtypes namely. India is fused to the eurasian plateits northward motion continues today, pushing the himalayas even higher.
The himalayas form from oceanic sediments and rocks crumpled in the collision. The geology of nepal is dominated by the himalaya, the highest, youngest and a very highly active mountain range upreti 2014, p. Introduction to the himalayas if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. The tectonic plates still are moving, and the mountain range continues to rise. Introduction to the himalayas article khan academy. Formation of glacial lakes in the hindu kushhimalayas and. Jul 28, 2015 the himalayas are the body and soul of the india. A geography project made by leon maughan, hannah lamb and susan atkinson showing the formation of the himalayas. The himalayas and tibetan plateau trend eastwest and extend for 2,900 km, reaching the maximum elevation of 8,848 metres mount everest the highest point on earth. The formation of the himalayan mountains is all to do with tectonic plate movements.
Geologically, the origin of the himalayas is the impact of the indian tectonic plate. In the place of the clash appeared himalayas the youngest and the highest mountain range in the world. How were the himalayas formed explain social science. Formation of himalayas november 6, 2018 ca harshita raichandani 0 comments 225 million years ago ma india was a large island situated off the australian coast and separated from asia by the tethys ocean. Glaciers are believed to have persisted in the hindu kush himalayas since the last ice age which ended about 10,000 years ago. Jul 01, 2009 a geography project made by leon maughan, hannah lamb and susan atkinson showing the formation of the himalayas. Since the sediments were lightweight, instead of sinking along with the plate, they crumpled into mountain rangesthe himalayas. The range has many of earths highest peaks, including the highest, mount everest nepalchina. The new particle formation events represent a very signi. In those times india, was an independent continent, clashed with asian continent. The event frequency is higher than the few reported so far by nishita et al. Millions of years ago, the earth started breaking up into the continents we have today.
The himalayan mountain range and tibetan plateau have formed as a result of the collision between the indian plate and eurasian plate which began 50 million years ago and continues today. The analyses in this book draw primarily on information from the himalayan database and examine expedition climbing activity, ascents, and fatalities. Elevations vary from 3,500 to 4,500 m above sea level. Due to continuos currents in pacific ocean this landmass was broken into. In the recent several decades, glacial lakes have been expanding at the terminus of debriscovered glaciers associated with glacier shrinkage in the himalayas. Introduction there are many debriscovered glaciers in places such as the himalayas, andes, italian alps and southern alps in new zealand. Immense slices of indian crust were pushed southward and stacked up to produce the himalayan orogen above figure. The himalaya mountains were formed from a collision of tectonic plates. The formation of himalayas started 220 million years ago.
In addition, these mountains affect the daily lives of all the people living within their shadow. Aug 05, 2010 geologists have long debated aspects of the collision between asian and indian landmasses that formed the himalayas about 57 million years ago. Introduction the himalayas are among the youngest mountain ranges on the planet, and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Lower himalayas have steep, bare southern slopes steep slopes prevents soil formation and more gentle, forest covered northern. Dec 19, 2019 convergent boundary along a convergent boundary two lithospheric plates collide against each other.
As the sea closes, the continents collide, because continental crust cannot be subducted. For comparison, monthly averaged concentrations at the free tropospheric site of jungfraujoch are prezi video. Himalayas simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. The enormous pressure forces resulting from this shock caused a gigantic mountain uplift. At the same time tibetan plateau was formed, which is the most extensive. Mountains and volcanoes257 as india began moving toward eurasia 200 million. Oct 14, 2008 rising air pollution levels in south asia will have worldwide environmental consequences. The himalayan mountain chain is an example of a continental collision. Geologists have long debated aspects of the collision between asian and indian landmasses that formed the himalayas about 57 million years ago. Accordingly, glacial lake outburst floods glofs have become serious natural disasters in the himalayas. Read and learn for free about the following article. Top 10 books about the himalayas books the guardian. Lower himalayan ranges are 6080 km wide and about 2400 km in length.
Himalaya mountains presentation by patrick jackson on prezi. Major physiographic d ivisions the physical features of india can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions figure 2. For comparison, monthly averaged concentrations at the free tropospheric site of jungfraujoch are an interesting information about himalayas is that thanks to the movement of the plate tectonics this mountain chain rising its height by about 5mm per years. Nov 09, 2016 the view of the snowcapped peaks of mount kanchenjunga.
There was a big landmass in south which consisted of todays antarctica, australia, india etc. Bathymetrical surveys have been carried out at several glacial lakes, and the relationship between the lake area and water volume. Given the great magnitudes of the blocks of the earths crust involved this is a remarkable rate, about twice the speed at which your. The geology of the himalaya is a record of the most dramatic and visible creations of modern plate tectonic forces. In a very special measure himalayas formed the indias national mountain system. According to wegener, the earth was composed of several giant plates called tectonic plates. High frequency new particle formation in the himalayas. Convergent boundary along a convergent boundary two lithospheric plates collide against each other. Himalaya is a type locality for the study of ongoing continentcontinent collision tectonics upreti 2014, p. Formation of the himalayas interactive simulations. Many peaks are more than 5,050 m above sea level and are snow covered throughout the year.
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